Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. You cannot download interactives. La Nina is a climate pattern that describes the cooling of surface ocean water along the tropical west coast of South America.
Thomas with the assistance of the corrupt governor of the island. Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students. Skip to content. Painting by N. Wyeth, courtesy National Geographic. Disease and death was one consequence of Columbus's voyages. Pre-Columbian America had been isolated from many infections that had swept through Asia, Europe, and much of Africa. American Indians had been spared most of the diseases common to societies that raise livestock.
The New World thus provided a fertile environment for epidemics of smallpox, influenza, and measles, which were most lethal to adults in their most productive years. The eight million Arawak Indians, who lived on Hispaniola, site of the first Spanish New World colony, were reduced to ten thousand by Twenty-five million Indians in Central Mexico were reduced to 1. Indian populations in the Andes and in North America were also decimated. Columbus made three more journeys across the Atlantic to the Caribbean.
He was sure that he had found Cipangu Japan , but it was actually Cuba. Conditions were so bad that Spanish authorities had to send a new governor to take over. Columbus was arrested, returned to Spain and stripped of his titles.
He did make one last voyage to the Americas, however, this time to Panama — just miles from the Pacific Ocean. Columbus died in , still believing that he had found a new route to the East Indies. Today his historic legacy as a daring explorer who 'discovered' the New World has been challenged. His voyages launched centuries of European exploration and colonisation of the American continents. His encounters also triggered centuries of exploitation of native American populations.
Browse our best selling books, or pick up nautical inspired homewares. Visit us. National Maritime Museum. Plan your visit. This time, Columbus made it all the way to Panama—just miles from the Pacific Ocean—where he had to abandon two of his four ships after damage from storms and hostile natives. Empty-handed, the explorer returned to Spain, where he died in However, his journey kicked off centuries of exploration and exploitation on the American continents.
The Columbian Exchange transferred people, animals, food and disease across cultures. Old World wheat became an American food staple. African coffee and Asian sugar cane became cash crops for Latin America, while American foods like corn, tomatoes and potatoes were introduced into European diets. Today, Columbus has a controversial legacy —he is remembered as a daring and path-breaking explorer who transformed the New World, yet his actions also unleashed changes that would eventually devastate the native populations he and his fellow explorers encountered.
But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. Columbus Day is a U. It was unofficially celebrated in a number of cities and states as early as the 18th century, but did not become a More than years after he "discovered" the New World—kicking off centuries of exploration and colonization of the Americas—Christopher Columbus is honored with a federal holiday on the second Monday of every October.
However, as historians have continued to dig into the life Christopher Columbus has long been exalted as a heroic figure in American history: the first explorer to establish a European presence in the New World. Americans have celebrated his arrival as far back as , the th anniversary of his landing.
But it would take almost Forget those myths perpetuated by everyone from Washington Irving to Bugs Bunny.
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